Thursday, June 12, 2008
Modern Marvels - Money
In 1789, there was no unified system for money in our country. Each colony had its own currency. Thomas Jefferson recommended a decimal coin system and that we create a Mint to manufacture the coins. His rival Hamilton, believed in bank notes. In 1793 production of the first Mint was started. Paul Revere's manufacturing company was used for some of the first copper coins. Back then, all coins were made by hand. It took three years to make the first million coins in the United States. Congress was not happy about the slow pace. Also, the Gold Rush complicated the countries currency problems. The rich in Georgia and the Carolinas had wealth from gold dust, but there was no simple way to turn it into coins. A gentleman named Templeton Reed actually built his own Mint and he bought the gold dust. He was the first of forty private individuals to make money from coins. The government then opened up more Mints around the country as gold rushes occurred. As coins got stronger, the paper currency was getting weaker. At that time, there were 1600 different banks using 7000 varieties of bills. There was no central point to issue the currency. It was a simple process and it was all done by hand. The ink was put into a metal dye and it filled the recessed dots of the image. They would rub it lightly rub to take away the excess ink and then buff it. Finally, a press would print the bank note. Some of these steps are still used today. Now, the paper for bank money is made from discarded scraps of denim. It is sold by the ton. This material makes stronger paper that stays crisp. The cotton denim material cooks for two hours in a vat with chemicals to break down the smaller fibers. It is then bleached and stacked in sheets. It is given a watermark along with red and blue security threads for security reasons. The dyes then put a 3-dimensional image on the paper. It takes many small steps until the bank notes are finished and ready for printing. Some of the steps today are kept private to prevent counterfeiting of the money, so these steps were not shown in this program. The thread and the watermark on the bank note paper is what makes it different from other paper. Abraham Lincoln's image is on every note and in a low light, you can see his image. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing then finishes the process.
The Fed creates money and has 12 districts nationwide that monitor the money supply around the country. Today, notes require craftsmanship and cutting edge technology. Each day, 35,000,000 pieces of currency are produced at a value of $635,000,000.00 Skilled engravers are used to work against the sophisticated counterfeiters. Counterfeit $100.00 bills called 'super notes' were at one time the highest level of counterfeit bills. The Feds found out North Korea had a big operation that was producing these 'super notes'. It was difficult to shut down the operation because their government was involved.
With the invention of the ATM machine and everyone using credit cards and debit cards, transactions with paper can be a burden, but the it is believed that our money expresses our national identity and values - 'In God We Trust' and' Liberty and Freedom'.
Tuesday, June 10, 2008
The Lincoln Assasination
Sunday, June 1, 2008
Bud, Not Buddy
Bud finally meets Herman E. Calloway, the man he thinks is his father. It turns out that they are related, but Herman E. Calloway is actually an 80 year old man and he is Bud's grandfather. He is the father of Bud's mother. Herman E. Calloway is not a very pleasant man and in some way, Bud is relieved that he is not his father, although he is happy to have found a true family member. Herman E. Calloway is also a musician. He is the lead musician in a band. Bud ends up living with Herman E. Calloway and his band at Calloway Station. One of the band members gives Bud a saxophone as a gift and Bud really enjoys playing the saxophone. It becomes one of his favorite things to do. At home, Herman E. Calloway is interested in hearing about what happened to Bud's mother, his daughter, because she ran away many years ago and he never knew of her fate. Bud had to tell his grandfather that his mother had died and Herman E. Calloway was very saddened by that news.
CHARACTERS: The main character in my book is Bud. Bud is a 10 year old African American orphan. He is very nice and polite. Many of the band members were surprised at how good Bud's manners are. I think that Bud is a very brave for walking all the way to the Grand Rapids at night. I would not be comfortable doing that
YOUR THOUGHTS: I thought that this book was great. I would recommend this book to anybody, and I think that you would enjoy it as much as I did.
7 READING STRATEGIES: One of the 7 reading strategies that I used is inferring. I infered that Bud would find Herman E. Calloway. When Bud found out Herman E. Calloway was an old man I also predicted that Herman E. Calloway was Bud's grandfather
AUTHOR INFORMATION: The author of Bud, Not Buddy is Christopher Paul Curtis. Bud, Not Buddy won the Coretta Scott King Award, given each year to a black writer for an inspirational and educational contribution to literature and the Newberry Metal, the most prestigious award in children's literature.